Experimental protocols for DMD animal models
The availability of standardized operating procedures (SOPs) to unify experimental protocols used to test the effects of new treatments in animal models is a step that will undoubtedly improve the comparability of studies from different laboratories. SOPs are not meant to be mandatory but are designed to be a point of reference and should not prevent innovation and further improvement of the existing protocols. To ensure reproducibility and quality, each SOP has been drawn up by a group of independent researchers (listed in each protocol) and is updated on a regular basis.
Two meetings were hosted with specialists from all over the world to discuss and create this collection of SOPs, in full collaboration with the Senator Paul D. Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Cooperative Research Center at Children’s National Medical Center in Washington DC and with the US National Institutes of Health (NIH)-Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Cooperative Network, and with the generous support of the Foundation to Eradicate Duchenne Inc, the US National Institutes of Health and TREAT-NMD. These workshops were described in a meeting report published in Neuromuscular Disorders and available here.
The SOPs that have already been completed can be downloaded from this site and others will be added in the future. The last date each SOP was reviewed can be found under the code on the left of the page.

Husbandry and Handling of D2-mdx mice, choice of outcomes
Kanneboyina Nagaraju – 7 December 2021
The use of hanging wire tests to monitor muscle strength and condition over time
Maaike van Putten – 14 June 2021
Use of treadmill and wheel exercise for impact on mdx mice phenotype
Annamaria De Luca – 18 December 2019
Use of grip strength meter to assess the limb strength of mdx mice
Annamaria De Luca – 18 December 2019
Measuring isometric force of isolated mouse muscles in vitro
Elisabeth R. Barton – 23 June 2019
Measuring isometric force of isolated mouse skeletal muscles in situ
Gordon Lynch – 11 June 2019
Behavioural and Locomotor Measurements Using Open Field Animal Activity Monitoring System
Kanneboyina Nagaraju – 12 July 2017
Non-invasive echocardiographic assessment of cardiac function in the mdx mouse model
Christopher Spurney – 4 June 2015
Use of treadmill and wheel exercise to assess dystrophic state
Robert W. Grange – 23 May 2015
Quantitative determination of muscle fibre diameter (minimal Feret’s diameter) and percentage of centralized nuclei
Michael Erb – 28 January 2014
Quantification of histopathology in Haemotoxylin and Eosin stained muscle sections
Miranda Grounds – 25 January 2014
The recovery score: a common, quantitative and comparative scoring system
Jean-Marie Gillis – 31 July 2008
Serum Creatine Kinase analysis in mouse models of muscular dystrophy
Kanneboyina Nagaraju – 12 July 2017
Measuring tetanic isometric force at the tibiotarsal joint in vivo in GRMD dogs
Joe Kornegay – 15 June 2019
Measuring isometric force decrement after eccentric contraction in vivo in GRMD dogs
Joe Kornegay – 15 June 2019
Disclaimer: TREAT-NMD and the authors of the SOPs disclaim, without limitation, all liability for any loss or damage of any kind, including any direct, indirect or consequential damages, which might be incurred in connection with the information and procedures contained in these SOPs.